SQLをvbaで使うにはDB接続後にSQLを送信する SQL Serverへの接続も可能

SQLをvbaで扱うサンプルについてまとめています。

1 SQLをvbaで使うには、CreateQueryDefでSQL文字列を指定する
2 まとめ

SQLをvbaで使うには、CreateQueryDefでSQL文字列を指定する

以下は、vbaから簡単なSQLを実行するサンプルコードです。

Public Sub GetOrders() 
 
   Dim dbs As DAO.Database 
   Dim qdf As DAO.QueryDef 
   Dim strSQL As String 
 
   Set dbs = CurrentDb 
   strSQL = "SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate >#3-31-2006#;" 
   Set qdf = dbs.CreateQueryDef("SecondQuarter", strSQL) 
 
End Sub

変数とコントロールを含む SQL ステートメントを構築する | Microsoft Docs

以下のSQLを、vbaから実行しています。

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate >#3-31-2006#;

下記のコードは、MicrosoftAccessのデータベースNorthwind.mdbのテーブルEmployeesから、名前がKingのデータを取得するコードです。

Sub WhereX() 
 
    Dim dbs As Database, rst As Recordset 
 
    ' Modify this line to include the path to Northwind 
    ' on your computer. 
    Set dbs = OpenDatabase("Northwind.mdb") 
 
    ' Select records from the Employees table where the 
    ' last name is King. 
    Set rst = dbs.OpenRecordset("SELECT LastName, " _ 
        & "FirstName FROM Employees " _ 
        & "WHERE LastName = 'King';") 
     
    ' Populate the Recordset. 
    rst.MoveLast 
     
    ' Call EnumFields to print the contents of the 
    ' Recordset. 
    EnumFields rst, 12 
 
    dbs.Close 
 
End Sub

参考）WHERE 句 (Microsoft Access SQL) | Microsoft Docs

visual basicとSQL Serverを連携させることも可能です。

事前に接続先のSQL Serverへの接続情報をxml形式で作成しておき、接続後に以下のSQLを送信、戻ってきた値をWord文書上に取り込みます。

SELECT CompanyName, ContactName, ContactTitle, Phone 
FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID=@customerID

@customerIDはバインド変数で、vbaスクリプト内の変数が割り当てられます。

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.IO
Imports System.IO.Packaging
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Web
Imports System.Web.UI
Imports System.Web.UI.WebControls

Public Class WebForm1

    Inherits System.Web.UI.Page

    Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load

    End Sub

    Private Const strRelRoot As String = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument"

    Private Sub CreateDocument()
        ' Get the template document file and create a stream from it
        Const DocumentFile As String = "~/App_Data/CustomerLetterGenerator.docm"

        ' Read the file into memory
        Dim buffer() As Byte = File.ReadAllBytes(Server.MapPath(DocumentFile))
        Dim memoryStream As MemoryStream = New MemoryStream(buffer, True)
        buffer = Nothing

        ' Open the document in the stream and replace the custom XML part
        Dim pkgFile As Package = Package.Open(memoryStream, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite)
        Dim pkgrcOfficeDocument As PackageRelationshipCollection = pkgFile.GetRelationshipsByType(strRelRoot)
        For Each pkgr As PackageRelationship In pkgrcOfficeDocument
            If (pkgr.SourceUri.OriginalString = "/") Then

                ' Get the root part
                Dim pkgpRoot As PackagePart = pkgFile.GetPart(New Uri(("/" + pkgr.TargetUri.ToString), UriKind.Relative))

                ' Add a custom XML part to the package
                Dim uriData As Uri = New Uri("/customXML/item1.xml", UriKind.Relative)
                If pkgFile.PartExists(uriData) Then

                    ' Delete part "/customXML/item1.xml" part
                    pkgFile.DeletePart(uriData)
                End If

                ' Load the custom XML data
                Dim pkgprtData As PackagePart = pkgFile.CreatePart(uriData, "application/xml")
                GetDataFromSQLServer(pkgprtData.GetStream, ddlCustomer.SelectedValue)
            End If
        Next

        ' Close the file
        pkgFile.Close()

        ' Return the result
        Response.ClearContent()
        Response.ClearHeaders()
        Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", "attachment; filename=document.docx")
        Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8
        memoryStream.WriteTo(Response.OutputStream)
        memoryStream.Close()
        Response.End()
    End Sub

    Private Sub GetDataFromSQLServer(ByVal stream As Stream, ByVal customerID As String)

        'Connect to a SQL Server database and get data
        Dim source As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("NorthwindConnectionString").ConnectionString
        Const SqlStatement As String = "SELECT CompanyName, ContactName, ContactTitle, Phone FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID=@customerID"
        Dim conn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(source)
        conn.Open()
        Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(SqlStatement, conn)
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@customerID", customerID)
        Dim dr As SqlDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader
        If dr.Read Then
            Dim writer As XmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stream)
            writer.WriteStartElement("Customer")
            writer.WriteElementString("CompanyName", CType(dr("CompanyName"), String))
            writer.WriteElementString("ContactName", CType(dr("ContactName"), String))
            writer.WriteElementString("ContactTitle", CType(dr("ContactTitle"), String))
            writer.WriteElementString("Phone", CType(dr("Phone"), String))
            writer.WriteEndElement()
            writer.Close()
        End If
        dr.Close()
        conn.Close()
    End Sub

    Protected Sub SubmitBtn_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        CreateDocument()
    End Sub

End Class

参考）データストア内の項目を SQL Server データベースに接続する | Microsoft Docs

また、ODBCドライバ経由でアクセスすることで、Oracleなどその他のデータベースへの接続が可能です。ただし、高速なデータのやりとりを行う場合、ODBC経由ではパフォーマンスが出ないこともあります。